Pathogen removal from wastewater using sustainable treatment wetlands

Removal of human pathogens from wastewater is a critical factor with linkage to human health. Constructed Wetlands (CWs) and Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) are environmentally friendly ecosystems, economically feasible and technically appropriate that are applicable not only for chemical pollution control, but also for the reduction of pathogens from wastewater. The technologies can be coupled with other biological, and ecological technologies to realize better performance and optimize resource requirements. These technologies promise significant benefits in terms of public health, economic gains and environmental sustainability. Yet the knowledge on the fate and removal of pathogenic organisms in these systems is not sufficient due to the complexity of removal mechanisms and influencing factors. More research based information and data on the design, operation, maintenance and performance of WSP and CW technology are therefore required for improving these technologies for use in local settings.